You know that Linux is a hot data center server. You know it can save
you money in licensing and maintenance costs. But that still leaves the
question of what your best options
are for Linux as a server operating system.
The Top 10 Linux server operating system distros ranked by ease of use, cost, available support and data center reliability.
We've
researched, crunched the numbers and put dozens of Linux distros
through their paces to compile our latest list of the top ten Linux
server distributions (aka "Linux server distros") — some of which you
may not be aware.
The following characteristics, in no particular order, qualified a
Linux server distro for inclusion in this list: ease of installation and
use, cost, available commercial support and data center reliability.
Without further ado, here are the top 10 Linux server operating systems for 2015:
At the top of almost every Linux-related list, the Debian-based
Ubuntu is in a class by itself. Canonical's Ubuntu surpasses all other
Linux server distributions — from its simple installation to its
excellent hardware discovery to its world-class
commercial support, Ubuntu sets a strong standard that is hard to match.
The latest release of Ubuntu, Ubuntu 15.04 "Vivid Vervet," debuted in
April 2015 and ups the ante with OpenStack Kilo support and Snappy, an
optimized packaging system developed specifically for working with newer
trends and technologies such as containers, mobile and the Internet of
Things (IoT).
Ubuntu's Long Term Support (LTS) version, which is released every two
years and includes five years of commercial support for the Ubuntu
Server edition, was last updated in April 2014 as Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.
While Red Hat started out as the "little Linux company that could,"
its Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) server operating system is now a
major force in the quest for data center rackspace. The Linux darling of
large companies throughout the world, Red Hat's innovations and
non-stop support, including ten years of support for major releases,
will keep you coming back for more.
RHEL is based on the community-driven Fedora, which Red Hat sponsors.
Fedora is updated more frequently than RHEL and serves as more of a
bleeding-edge Linux distro in terms of features and technology, but it
doesn't offer the stability or the length and quality of commercial
support that RHEL is renowned for.
In development since 2010, Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 (RHEL 7) made
its official debut in June 2014, and the major update offers scalability
improvements for enterprises, including a new filesystem that can scale
to 500 terabytes, as well as support for Docker container
virtualization technology. The most recent release of RHEL, version 7.1,
arrived in March 2015.
The Micro Focus-owned (but independently operated) SUSE Linux
Enterprise Server (SLES) is stable, easy to maintain and offers 24x7
rapid-response support for those who don't have the time or patience for
lengthy troubleshooting calls. And the SUSE consulting teams will have
you meeting your SLAs and making your accountants happy to boot.
Similar to how Red Hat's RHEL is based on the open-source Fedora
distribution, SLES is based on the open-source openSUSE Linux distro,
with SLES focusing on stability and support over leading-edge features
and technologies.
The most recent release, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 (SLES 12),
debuted in late October 2014 and introduced new features like framework
for Docker, full system rollback, live kernel patching enablement and
software modules for "increasing data center uptime, improving
operational efficiency and accelerating the adoption of open source
innovation," according to SUSE.
If you operate a website through a web hosting company, there's a
very good chance your web server is powered by CentOS Linux. This
low-cost clone of Red Hat Enterprise Linux isn't strictly commercial,
but since it's based on RHEL, you can leverage commercial support for
it.
Short for Community Enterprise Operating System, CentOS has largely
operated as a community-driven project that used the RHEL code, removed
all Red Hat’s trademarks, and made the Linux server OS available for
free use and distribution.
In 2014 the focus shifted following Red Hat and CentOS announcing
they would collaborate going forward and that CentOS would serve to
address the gap between the community-innovation-focused Fedora platform
and the enterprise-grade, commercially-deployed Red Hat Enterprise
Linux platform.
CentOS will continue to deliver a community-oriented operating system
with a mission of helping users develop and adopt open source
technologies on a Linux server distribution that is more consistent and
conservative than Fedora's more innovative role. At the same time,
CentOS will remain free, with support provided by the community-led
CentOS project rather than through Red Hat. CentOS released CentOS 7 in
March 2015, which is derived from Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7.1.
If you're confused by Debian's inclusion here, don't be. Debian
doesn't have formal commercial support but you can connect with
Debian-savvy consultants around the world via their
Consultants
page. Debian originated in 1993 and has spawned more child
distributions than any other parent Linux distribution, including
Ubuntu, Linux Mint and Vyatta.
Debian remains a popular option for those who value stability over
the latest features. The latest version of Debian, Debian 8 "jessie,"
debuted in April 2015, and will be supported for five years. Debian 8
marks the switch to the systemd init system over the old SysVinit init
system, and includes the latest releses of the Linux Kernel, Apache,
LibreOffice, Perl, Python, Xen Hypervisor, GNU Compiler Collection and
the GNOME and Xfce desktop environments.
If you didn't know that Oracle produces its own Linux distribution,
you're not alone. Oracle Linux (formerly Oracle Enterprise Linux)
is Red Hat Enterprise Linux fortified with Oracle's own special Kool-Aid as well as various Oracle logos and art added in.
Oracle's Linux competes directly with Red Hat's Linux server
distributions, and does so quite effectively since purchased support
through Oracle is half the price of Red Hat's equivalent model.
Optimized for Oracle's database services, Oracle Linux is a heavy
contender in the enterprise Linux market. If you run Oracle databases
and want to run them on Linux, you know the drill: Call Oracle. The
latest release of Oracle Linux, version 7.1, arrived in March 2015 and
is based on RHEL 7.1.
Mageia is an open-source-based fork of Mandriva Linux that made its
debut in 2011. The most recent release, Mageia 4, became available in
February 2014, and Mageia 5 is expected in mid-2015.
For U.S.-based executive or technical folks, Mageia and its
predecessor Mandriva might be a bit foreign. The incredibly
well-constructed Mandriva Linux distribution hails from France and
enjoys extreme acceptance in Europe and South America. The Mandriva name
and its construction derive from the Mandrake Linux and Connectiva
Linux distributions.
Mageia maintains the strengths of Mandriva while continuing its
development with new features and capabilities, as well as support from
the community organization Mageia.Org. Mageia updates are typically
released on a 9-month release cycle, with each release supported for two
cycles (18 months). As for Mandriva Linux, the Mandriva SA company
continues its business Linux server projects, which are now based on
Mageia code.
ClearOS is an open-source Linux operating system based on Red Hat
Enterprise Linux and CentOS that combines a server, network and gateway
plaform. Formerly called ClarkConnect, ClearOS has gained traction as a
viable Linux server option, particularly in the small business market.
With its highly touted administration interfaces and superior
documentation, ClearOS serves as an ideal option for less-experienced
admins or for anyone looking to get up and running on a Linux server OS
quickly and without a lot of fuss.
ClearOS offers a free, open source Community edition as well as an
inexpensive Professional version that includes a range of support
options and additional features. The Clear Foundation maintains ClearOS
and the ClearCenter Marketplace, which serves as an app store with both
free and paid apps for extending the capabilities of ClearOS.
The latest release of ClearOS, ClearOS 6.6, became available for
download in February 2015. The ClearOS 6 series offers new apps and
features such as 64-bit support, a graphical installer, QoS for
prioritizing network traffic, network mapping and the ClearCenter
Marketplace.
A simple, lightweight Linux distribution, Arch Linux is definitely
designed with more competent Linux users in mind. Arch Linux doesn't
provide the level of support and ease of use that other Linux server
operating systems offer, but that doesn't mean it can't be used as a
viable server for more experienced administrators. Those interested in
giving Arch a spin as a streamlined server are encouraged to start with
the
Arch Linux Server site.
Like the Gentoo Linux distro, Arch Linux utilizes a rolling release
model, which means regular system updates are all that are needed to
keep current with the latest Arch Linux components and packages. Arch
Linux's home-grown 'packman' package manager provides updates to the
latest software applications with full dependency tracking, and Arch
Linux updates tend to follow the pace of Linux kernel releases in order
to provide optimal hardware support.
While not generally associated with commercial distributions,
Slackware maintains relationships with several companies that provide
fee-based support. One of the earliest available Linux server
distributions with its orginal release in 1993, Slackware has an
extensive and faithful fan base. Its developers regularly release new
versions, with the most recent, Slackware 14.1, announced in March 2015.